What you need to know about dehydration

Dehydration is a condition that occurs when the body loses more fluids (mostly water) that it takes in. Dehydration causes more water to leave our bodies than we take in through water consumption. It is normal for us as humans to excrete a certain amount of water each day. Water escapes from the body as water vapor every day as we breathe (exhale) and as we excrete fluids through sweat, urine, and stool. Other than water, small amounts of salts are also excreted. However, when we lose too much water, our bodies can become dehydrated. This can lead to certain health problems and in severe cases, can lead to death.

Causes of dehydration

·       Significant injuries to skin, such as burns or mouth sores, or severe skin diseases or infections (water is lost through the damaged skin)

·       Diseases such as diabetes

·       Fever, heat exposure, and too much exercise

·       Vomiting, diarrhea, and increased urination due to infection

·       The inability to seek appropriate water and food (as in the case of a disabled person)

·       An impaired ability to drink (for instance, someone in a coma or on a respirator)

Symptoms of dehydration. The signs and symptoms of dehydration range from minor to severe and include:

·       Increased thirst

·       Confusion

·       Dizziness

·       Fainting

·       Dry mouth and swollen tongue

·       Weakness

·       Palpitations

·       Sluggishness fainting

·       Inability to sweat

·       Decreased urine output

·       Deep yellow or amber colored urine

See your doctor if you experience any of the following symptoms:

·       Increased or constant vomitingfor more than a day

·       Fever over 101°F

·       Diarrheafor more than 2 days

·       Weight loss

·       Decreased urine production

·       Confusion

·       Weakness

Self-treatment for dehydration

·       Sip small amounts of water

·       Drink carbohydrate/electrolyte-containing drinks. (i.e. sports drinks such as Gatorade)

·       Suck on ice chips or popsicles made from juices and sports drinks

·       Get out of the sun and get into air conditioned or fanned environment

What you should know about depression after having a stroke

On average, someone in the United States has a stroke every forty seconds. Stroke is the third leading cause of death in the United States. More than 140,000 people die as a result of stroke each year. People over the age of 65 are most often affected by stroke, and accounts for about three-quarters of all strokes. And the risk for having a stroke more than doubles after 55. Did you also know that many people who have a stroke often suffer from depression afterwards? This is called post-stroke depression.

Post-stroke depression affects more than one-third of stroke survivors. And according to the National Institutes of Health, the condition is underdiagnosed. Therefore, it is important for people to be aware of post-stroke depression so that they know what they are dealing with and that they don’t have to live with it.

Post-stroke depression is defined as ‘a feeling of hopelessness that interferes with functioning and quality of life.’ If the condition goes untreated, it can take much longer to recover from the stroke. Depression after a stroke may not happen right away. It could take months or even years after a stroke to develop symptoms.

Signs and symptoms of post-stroke depression include:

·       Feeling sad, anxious and empty inside on a daily basis

·       Trouble sleeping

·       Eating much more or less than usual

·       Feeling helpless, hopeless, and worthless

·       Withdrawing from family and friends

·       Easily irritated

·       Fatigue

·       Trouble concentrating and remembering things

·       Thinking about suicide

·       Pains, aches, headaches, and/or digestive problems that do not go away

Fortunately, post-stroke depression can be treated. Treatment may include medication, mental health therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, or other types of therapy may be needed like speech or physical therapy.

Tips to cope with post-stroke depression:

·       Talk to a friend or family member about how you’re feeling

·       Eat a healthy diet

·       Join a support group

·       Set goals for treatment that are realistic

·       Learn some stress and anxiety management techniques

·       Stay active (physically and mentally)

·       Socialize within your community

·       Limit the amount of alcohol you drink

·       Avoid smoking

People who currently suffer from depression should also be aware that their risk for stroke may be higher than people who are not depressed. A recent study found that people who have depression for a long time may be at increased risk for stroke. The researchers found that people who were aged 50 and older who had symptoms of depression that lasted more than two years were twice as likely to have a stroke in the following two years, compared to people who did not have symptoms of depression.

Do you suffer from sciatica?

What causes sciatica? People develop sciatica as a result of the sciatic nerve being pinched. This usually happens as a result of a herniated disk in the spine or by an overgrowth of bone on the vertebrae. In some cases, people by develop sciatica as a result of having diabetes. Some people may also develop the condition as a result of a tumor that causes the nerve to be compressed.

There are a number of risk factors that can increase your risk for developing sciatica. The risk factors for sciatica include the following:

·       Age. The most common causes of sciatica are herniated disks and bone spurs, which are spinal changes that occur with age.

·       Obesity. Excess body weight increases the amount of stress on your spine.

·       Diabetes. Diabetes increases your risk of nerve damage.

·       Prolonged sitting. People who sit for prolonged periods or have a sedentary lifestyle are more likely to develop sciatica than people who are physically active.

·       Job. A job that requires you heavy lifting or puts excess stress on your spine may increase your risk for sciatica.

While people who develop sciatica most often recover from the condition, people can still develop complications if they leave the condition untreated. If sciatica is left untreated, people can develop complications that can cause permanent nerve damage. It is important to see your doctor right away if you experience a loss of feeling in the affected leg, weakness in the affected leg, or a loss of bowel or bladder function.

Treatment for sciatica may include medications, physical therapy, steroid injections, or surgery. Your doctor may prescribe you medications for sciatica such as anti-inflammatories, muscle relaxants, narcotics, tricyclic antidepressants, or anti-seizure medications. Physical therapy includes exercises to improve posture, strengthen the back muscles, and improve flexibility. Corticosteroids may be injected to reduce pain. And surgery is only done when the compressed nerve causes significant loss of bladder or bowel control, weakness, or intense pain that doesn’t go away.