Should We Be Eating Soy?
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The soy bean is a legume native to East Asia that people have been eaten for almost 5,000 years. It is widely grown and used for both human and animal consumption as it produces significantly more protein per acre than most other uses of land. It is the main ingredient in things like soy milk, tofu, soy sauce, and tempeh. The effects of soy, however, are controversial. This is because human estrogen and soy-derived phytoestrogen are so similar, human cells cannot distinguish between the two. Some believe that soy’s phytoestrogen may cause breast cancer growth due to its similarity to human estrogen. On the other hand, some believe it may prevent breast cancer by taking human estrogen’s place within the protein receptors.
What are the health benefits of soy?
Research suggests that isoflavones found in soy protein can boost bone mineral density in women approaching menopause. This helps protect against osteoporosis. The same isoflavones may reduce hot flashes and night sweats that many women experience during menopause. A number of studies also suggest that soy protein may reduce the risk of heart disease by lowering levels of LDL “bad cholesterol.” Beside protein soy is high in fiber, b vitamins and omega-3 fatty acids.
What are the cons of soy?
1. Hypothyroidism: The soy isoflavones might lower the amount of iodine in the body thereby affecting your body’s ability to produce thyroid hormone. Iodine is essential to producing thyroid hormone.
2. Disruption of endogenous hormone levels: The isoflavones are considered phytoestrogens and consumptions can suppresses endogenous estrogen and progesterone effecting ones normal ovulatory cycle. Use of soy foods should be approached with caution in women attempting to become pregnant or experiencing menstrual cycle irregularities.
3. Excessive exposure to phytoestrogens in-utero and early in life has been linked to abnormal development of female reproductive tracts and brain sexual differentiation in animals. The jury is still out if there is similar effect in humans.
As with many compounds there are many pros and cons associated with moderate soy intake. Consumer should be aware that soy contains endocrine disrupting compounds. Women who are pregnant, nursing, or attempting to become pregnant should use soy foods with caution and be aware that soy formula may not be the best option for their babies. Older individuals, especially those with high cholesterol, may experience modest benefits including improved bone and cardiovascular health, and perhaps a decreased risk of carcinogenesis. Moderation is likely key and the incorporation of real foods, as opposed to supplements or processed foods to which soy protein is added, is probably essential for maximizing health benefits.