Medications increasing sensitivity to sunlight

Medications increasing sensitivity to sunlight

Hot, summer sunrays are well-known for their potential to cause skin damage by excessive exposure to unprotected skin.  But for anyone on medication, too much sun-exposure can result in drug-induced photosensitivity.  Drug-induced photosensitivity applies not only to prescription medication but even to some over-the-counter drugs that can cause your skin to become overly sensitive to sunlight.

Certain medications may cause photosensitivity of your skin which can result in intense sunburns causing extreme pain, skin peeling and blistering, and can even reduce the ability to sweat. There may also be the possibility of an increase in the amount of fluid you lose through your urine.  How much the skin will react to exposure to sunlight depends on many factors which include strength of the medication and amount of time spent in direct sunlight. Medication induced photosensitivity can happen within a few minutes or can take as long as up to 72 hours after exposure to the sun’s rays.

Generally, either your doctor or a pharmacist will warn patients of the dangers associated with sun exposure when taking certain medications. This is why reading the warning labels and package inserts that accompany your medications is advisable in case nothing is said to you about this risk.

There are certain medications that are more likely to be a problem if skin is exposed for too long of time to the sun.  Here are some of the better known drugs that can be result in photosensitivity:

·      Acne medications

Prescription retinoids such Retin-A and Tazorac, are phototoxic and can cause bad sunburn if a person using them is not careful.  They are significantly stronger than the acne products you buy over-the-counter even though they those containing retinol can cause dryness, peeling, and sun sensitivity as well.  If using any of these products, be sure to wear sunscreen and a broad-brimmed hat.

·      Antibiotics

There are several antibiotics that can cause photosensitivity and phototoxic reactions resulting in sunburn.  Bactrim which is used to treat many issues such as bronchitis to bladder infections and tetracyclines are some of the more commonly prescribed antibiotics that fall into this category.  Do not stop using an antibiotic when prescribed one.  Instead, stay out of the sun, protecting your skin to prevent any harmful damage.

·      Antidepressants

Anyone using a tricyclic antidepressant needs to be aware that this medication prevents the area in the brain that regulates heat response from knowing you are overheating.  This can lead to a reduction in sweating which allows heat to build up in the body.  If using this medication, be aware of warning signs such as headaches, lightheadedness, nausea, and weakness.  It is advisable to stay out of the sun and the heat of the day, drink plenty of fluids and call your doctor if you develop any of the symptoms. 

·      Allergy medications

For some people using an oral antihistamine such as diphenhydramine (found in products like Benadryl and Dramamine) reduces their ability to sweat. This can lead to overheating resulting in cramps, exhaustion, and even heat stroke. Anyone who finds that their allergy medication makes it difficult to cool down, stay indoors during the hottest part of the day and plan outdoor activities during cooler morning or evening hours.

·      Topical medications

Transdermal patches that deliver medication directly through the skin such as Fentanyl, a powerful pain reliever, or Clonidine used to lower blood pressure, can have the effect of their medication be amplified by significant sun exposure.  If you were to get sunburn the blood vessels in the surface of your skin dilate which can cause increased absorption of these medications. It is best to wear long sleeves, reducing sun exposure if using these patches. 

·      Vitamins and herbs

Many over-the-counter herbal medications can have phototoxic effects.  St. John’s Wort is a good example of this as it can cause photosensitivity.  Niacin, which is B vitamin sometimes used to treat high cholesterol, can also result in skin reactions that could potentially cause sun sensitivity.  Always ask a doctor or pharmacist about any possible negative interactions vitamins and herbs may have with sun exposure.

Tips on protecting yourself from drug-induced photossensitivy

·      Stop using the medication if a skin reaction does occur and immediately contact your doctor.

·      Avoid direct sun exposure, especially between 10 am and 3 pm.

·      Wear sun-protective clothing, hats, and sunglasses when outdoors.

·      Apply sunscreen with a sun-protection factor (SPF) of at least SPF 15 daily.

·      If a skin reaction does occur, use cool wet dressings, anti-itch and cortisone-like drugs to relieve skin pain and discomfort.  Or contact your physician or go to the emergency room of the reaction becomes severe or worsens.