What is Hyperemesis gravidarum?

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Hyperemesis gravidarum (HG) is a rare condition best described as abnormally severe morning sickness. It affects a very small number of pregnant females: between 0.3 and 2% of all pregnancies.  Although HG is sometimes misdiagnosed as common morning sickness, its symptoms are far more extreme and can cause long-term damage to both the mother and fetus if not treated properly and in a timely manner.  Having HG throughout the pregnancy can result in complications like gastric ulcers, esophageal bleeding, and overall malnutrition because of consistent vomiting.

Symptoms:

1.     You lose 5-20 lbs or more (>5% of pre-pregnancy weight)

2.     Nausea and vomiting cause you to eat very little and get dehydrated from vomiting if not treated

3.     You vomit often and may vomit bile or blood if not treated; nausea is usually moderate to severe and constant

4.     You will probably require fluid hydration through a vein and/or medications to stop the vomiting

5.     You usually feel somewhat better by mid-pregnancy, but you may continue to be nauseous and/or vomit until late pregnancy

6.     You will likely be unable to work for weeks or months, and may need help caring for yourself

What causes HG?

No one knows for sure, but it is thought that factors like genetics, body chemistry and overall health can play a part.  This disease is more frequently found with women pregnant with girls and twins or multiple pregnancies.  A popular theory is that the body has an adverse reaction to the hormonal changes of pregnancy.

Complications:

The main concerns with this disease are malnutrition and dehydration caused by chronic vomiting. This can lead to:

·       Preterm birth

·       Risk of psychological disorders in kids

·       Wernicke's encephalopathy

  • Loss of 5% or more of pre-pregnancy body weight
  • Dehydration, causing ketosis, and constipation
  • Nutrition disorders
  • Metabolic imbalances
  • Physical and emotional stress of pregnancy on the body
  • Difficulty with activities of daily living

 When should you see a doctor?
You should contact your doctor if you are pregnant and experiencing any of the following:

  • The nausea or vomiting is severe
  • You pass only a small amount of urine or it's dark in color
  • You can't keep down liquids
  • You feel dizzy or faint when you stand up
  • Your heart races
  • You vomit blood

How do you treat HG?

Because of HG can cause severe dehydration and other serious complications, it is important for women to get early and aggressive care.  Treatment can include medications for vomiting and IV rehydration.