Dysmenorrhea: Painful Menstruation

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When that time of the month comes around, many women suffer from severe cramps, sometimes for several days. This can make for a long menstrual cycle. Popping the Midol, Aleve or Advil is not always the only solution.

There are two causes for these types of cramps, one being chemical the other being functional. What actually happens is the uterine muscles contract due to stimulation by a chemical series called prostaglandins. There are three types of chemicals, PgE1, 2 and 3. PgE2 is the chemical that causes uterine contractions and pain. The other two chemicals are natural painkillers. 

From a functional standpoint, cramps can derive from one of the following conditions: endometriosis, fibroids, infections, IUD, ovarian cysts, narrow cervix, or a retroverted (tipped) uterus. Some women also experience elevated PgE2 levels. 

But there is a disorder called dysmenorrhea which is painful menstruation and menstrual cramps. Women will experience severe pain and cramping in the abdomen and pelvic area, as well as the lower back and legs. Pain can be both intense or dull and come and go. Women also struggle with headaches, dizziness, diarrhea, nausea and sometimes vomiting. Symptoms can vary from period to period. 

 

Women who have dysmenorrhea experience long-lasting menstrual cramping, bleeding and pain. Most women experience some pain either in the pelvic area or lower back during their period but those who get more severe symptoms struggle with everyday activities. 

There are two types of dysmenorrhea: primary and secondary. Primary occurs naturally -- some women just have more painful periods than others. High levels of the hormone prostaglandin are thought to cause painful periods. Secondary dysmenorrhea occurs because of another medical problem such as endometriosis or fibroid tumors. 

These painful periods usually start soon after a women starts menstruating. Pain among other symptoms start at the beginning of the period or just before and can improve in 1 or 2 days.  Prescription pain relievers, birth control pills, or using an IUD that contains hormones also can relieve pain and cramping. Unusual pain and heavy bleeding that lasts longer than usual may be signs of another medical problem, so it's best to see a doctor to find the cause.

Almost 50% of women experience these naturally occurring painful periods. 

Treatment for painful periods includes: 

  • Pain relievers 
  • Hot packs 
  • Birth control pills 
  • IUD that releases hormones 
  • Treating any underlying condition