Dental cavities, although not often seen as such, are of the most common of all disorders, second only to the common cold.  Cavities are most common in children and young adults but can happen at any age.  How do cavities form? It is a chemical reaction between the bacteria normally present in the mouth, and the foods that eat.   These bacteria convert all foods, especially sugar and starch, into acids. Bacteria, acid, food debris, and saliva combine in the mouth to form a sticky substance called plaque that adheres to the teeth.

Cavity causing plaque is most prominent on the back molars, just above the gum line on all teeth, and at the edges of fillings. Plaque that is not removed from the teeth mineralizes into tartar. Plaque and tartar irritate the gums, resulting in gingivitis and ultimately periodontitis.  Interestingly, plaque begins to build up on teeth within 20 minutes after eating.  If this plaque is not removed thoroughly and routinely, tooth decay will not only begin, but flourish.  The acids in plaque dissolve the enamel surface of the tooth and create holes in the tooth, or what are commonly known as cavities.

Cavities are usually painless until they grow very large and affect nerves or cause a tooth fracture. If left untreated, a tooth abscess can develop. Untreated tooth decay also destroys the internal structures of the tooth and ultimately causes the loss of the tooth.  Symptoms of cavities include tooth pain or achy feeling or visible pits or holes in teeth

Does drinking bottled water increase the rate at which we develop cavities?

In recent years, dentists have observed an increase in the number of children coming in with cavities.  While there are many risk factors for cavities they feel that this might be related to increased consumption of bottled water over tap.  Why? Because tap water is fluoridated to reduce tooth decay specifically by decreasing the rate at which tooth enamel demineralizes and increases its rate of re-mineralization.  Unfortunately, bottled water does not have this quality.   Past studies have shown that water fluoridation reduces cavities in children by 18-40% even in those who already have access to toothpaste and other sources of fluoride.

How can you combat this?

You should make sure that you and your children brush your teeth at least 2 times a day.  You should also make sure to see your dentist regularly.  Furthermore, don’t shy away from tap water.  Drinking tap water can provide you with the benefits of fluoride outlined above.  If you fear the tap water may not be safe, consider a fluoride supplement or buying bottled water that is fluorinated. 

You can protect your teeth further by avoiding:

·         Carbohydrates (sugars and starches) increase the risk of tooth decay

·         Sticky foods are more harmful than non-sticky foods because they remain on the surface of the teeth.

·         Frequent snacking increases the time that acids are in contact with the surface of the tooth.

·         Sugary drinks