From the time we are little, we are taught to brush three times a day. The human mouth is teeming with bacteria, and as we get older, our dentists remind us that daily brushing and flossing are necessary, not only to prevent tooth decay and avoid gum disease, but to fight plaque, a soft sticky film that builds up and can eat away at tooth enamel and also harden up into tartar.  Oral bacteria cause inflammation in the gums, creating a condition known as “gingivitis,” in which gums are red and swollen and bleed easily.

Periodontal disease has often been linked with an increased risk of heart disease and stroke as well as other serious chronic conditions. Researchers speculate that the same oral bacteria in one's mouth can travel through the bloodstream, particularly if gums are diseased and bleeding, and cause blood clots elsewhere in the body, possibly in coronary arteries, blocking blood flow.  Scientists also believe the presence of these bacteria stimulate the liver to make high levels of certain proteins, which inflame blood vessels. That process of inflammation could lead to possible heart attack or stroke. Oral bacteria may trigger a heart infection known as endocarditis. When infected and inflamed gums bleed, the bacteria enter the bloodstream and travel to the heart, sticking to valves, inner lining and arteries. If untreated and not recognized, endocarditis can be life-threatening and lead to heart failure.

Symptoms of periodontal disease include:

• Red, swollen and tender gums
• Persistent bad breath
• Gums that bleed when you brush
• Gums that pull away from teeth
• Pain in the gum area

In addition to cardiovascular disease, poor oral health has also been linked to:

• Diabetes
• HIV/AIDS
• Premature birth and low birth weight
• Stroke
• Respiratory disease

In some cases, genetics plays a role in periodontal disease, making people more prone to it. But even those with a genetic predisposition can take corrective action to minimize their risks.

Practicing good oral hygiene can be achieved by:

• Brushing 2-3 times a day
• Flossing your teeth daily
• Use a mouth rinse
• Avoid sugary foods

And, of course, visit your dentist 1-2 times a year for regular professional dental cleanings and checkups in order to catch oral disease in its early stages.